BRAF mutation in papillary thyroid cancer: pathogenic role, molecular bases, and clinical implications.

By Mingzhao Xing. Endocrine reviews, 2007

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Molecular genetics and diagnosis of thyroid cancer (2011, background): “BRAF Val600Glu has been associated in many studies with aggressive histopathologic features of papillary carcinoma, including extrathyroidal extension, lymph-node metastases and more advance stage at presentation”
Targeting the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase RAS-RAF Signaling Pathway in Cancer Therapy (2012, background): “This mutation has been reported in ~ 45% of papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC) and in ~ 25% of undifferentiated thyroid cancers [35,36,46].”
Molecular testing for mutations in improving the fine-needle aspiration diagnosis of thyroid nodules. (2009, background): “In many studies, BRAF mutation appears to serve as an independent marker ofaggressivenessofpapillarythyroidcarcinomasandcorrelatewith thefrequencyof lymphnodemetastases (21,38).”
Association Between BRAF V600E Mutation and Mortality in Patients With Papillary Thyroid Cancer (2013, background): “Many studies have shown an association of the BRAF V600E mutation with aggressive clinicopathological characteristics of PTC, including LNM, extrathyroidal invasion, loss of radioiodine avidity, and, hence, failure of radioiodine treatment and disease recurrence.(14,15) Consequently, the BRAFV600Emu”