The effects of forced interpass cooling on the material properties of wire arc additively manufactured Ti6Al4V alloy

By Bintao Wu, Zengxi Pan, Donghong Ding, Dominic Cuiuri, Huijun Li, Zhenyu Fei. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2018

232 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Abstract To achieve improved microstructure and mechanical properties, an innovative wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) process with forced interpass cooling using compressed CO2 was employed in this study to fabricate Ti6Al4V thin-walled structures. The effects of various interpass temperatures and rapid forced cooling on deposition geometry, surface oxidation, microstructural evolution, and mechanical properties of the fabricated part were investigated by laser profilometry, optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), hardness testing and mechanical tensile testing. Results show that the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of the deposited metal are not greatly affected by an increasing interpass temperature, however, the deposited wall tends to be widened, flattened and exhibit increased surface oxidation through visible coloration. When rapid forced cooling using CO2 is used between deposited layers, slightly higher hardness values and increased strength can be obtained. This is mainly attributed to the combined effects of less surface oxide and high density dislocation caused by the generation of large amounts of fine-grained acicular α within the microstructure. Furthermore, forced interpass cooling not only improves deposition properties, but also promotes geometrical repeatability and also improved manufacturing efficiency through the reduction of dwell time between deposited layers.

Subfields: Automotive Engineering, Mechanical Engineering

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4693eec6068cf12c4158d4de3a01b0866b20e94a

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In Automotive Engineering

1. Telmo G. Santos
2. J. P. Oliveira
3. D. Jafari
4. T. Vaneker
5. Ian Gibson
6. V. Duarte
7. T. A. Rodrigues
8. R. Miranda

In Mechanical Engineering

1. J. P. Oliveira
2. Telmo G. Santos
3. R. Miranda
4. D. Jafari
5. Ian Gibson
6. T. Vaneker
7. V. Duarte
8. T. A. Rodrigues

Citations in the corpus

• Current Status and Perspectives on Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) (2019, background): “This promising development in WAAM of Ti-6Al4V presents benefits including: better surface finishing with less oxidation, refined microstructure, improved mechanical properties, and enhanced manufacturing efficiency [31].”
• Wire and arc additive manufacturing: Opportunities and challenges to control the quality and accuracy of manufactured parts (2021, methodology): “[135], having two key variations compared to [138]: i) usage of standard compressed air instead of CO2, which can reduce operating costs for materials less sensitive to the welding atmosphere than Ti6Al4V and ii) the jet's target is not the top layer but the bottom.”
• Revisiting fundamental welding concepts to improve additive manufacturing: From theory to practice (2020, methodology): “In this case, forced intercooling [205] can be used to decrease the elapsed time between two consecutive layer depositions increasing the process productivity.”