Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Research

By D. Campbell, J. Stanley, N. Gage. 1963

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External Validity: From Do-Calculus to Transportability Across Populations (2014, background): “n experiment is said to have “external validity” if the distribution of outcomes realized by a treatment group is the same as the distribution of outcome that would be realized in an actual program.” Campbell and Stanley (1963), page 5, take a slightly broader view: ““External validity” asks the que”
Regulation of Achievement Goals: The Role of Competence Feedback. (2005, background): “The control group also helps rule out time-related confounds that could account for adjustments in goal pursuit over time, such as regression to the mean, testing, or fatigue (Campbell & Stanley, 1963).”
Conceptual and methodological issues in studying school leadership effects as a reciprocal process (2011, unknown): “Degree of association between proposed variables, relative isolation from other extraneous variables, existence of a temporal relationship (which establishes the direction of influence), and replication of results enhance claims of causal relationships (Bollen, 1989 ; Campbell & Stanley, 1966 ; Ma”
The prognostic analogue of the propensity score (2008, background): “nuity designs (RDs: Campbell and Stanley 1966; Berk and de Leeuw 1999; Hahn”
Causal inference and the data-fusion problem (2016, background): “45 and 46), have been given a complete formal characterization and can thus be considered “ solved ” (55).”