Diagnostic criteria for malnutrition - An ESPEN Consensus Statement.
By T. Cederholm, I. Bosaeus, R. Barazzoni, J. Bauer, A. Gossum, S. Kłęk, M. Muscaritoli, I. Nyulasi, J. Ockenga, Stéphane M. Schneider and 2 more. Clinical Nutrition, 2015
1,616 citations recorded by the source corpus.
OBJECTIVE To provide a consensus-based minimum set of criteria for the diagnosis of malnutrition to be applied independent of clinical setting and aetiology, and to unify international terminology. METHOD The European Society of Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) appointed a group of clinical scientists to perform a modified Delphi process, encompassing e-mail communications, face-to-face meetings, in group questionnaires and ballots, as well as a ballot for the ESPEN membership. RESULT First, ESPEN recommends that subjects at risk of malnutrition are identified by validated screening tools, and should be assessed and treated accordingly. Risk of malnutrition should have its own ICD Code. Second, a unanimous consensus was reached to advocate two options for the diagnosis of malnutrition. Option one requires body mass index (BMI, kg/m(2)) <18.5 to define malnutrition. Option two requires the combined finding of unintentional weight loss (mandatory) and at least one of either reduced BMI or a low fat free mass index (FFMI). Weight loss could be either >10% of habitual weight indefinite of time, or >5% over 3 months. Reduced BMI is <20 or <22 kg/m(2) in subjects younger and older than 70 years, respectively. Low FFMI is <15 and <17 kg/m(2) in females and males, respectively. About 12% of ESPEN members participated in a ballot; >75% agreed; i.e. indicated ≥7 on a 10-graded scale of acceptance, to this definition. CONCLUSION In individuals identified by screening as at risk of malnutrition, the diagnosis of malnutrition should be based on either a low BMI (<18.5 kg/m(2)), or on the combined finding of weight loss together with either reduced BMI (age-specific) or a low FFMI using sex-specific cut-offs.
Subfields: Health Information Management, Nutrition and Dietetics, Physiology
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Citations in the corpus
- ESPEN guideline on clinical nutrition in the intensive care unit. (2019, background): “The diagnosis of malnutrition is suggested by clinical observations or by complementary examinations [20].”
- ESPEN guideline on clinical nutrition and hydration in geriatrics. (2019, methodology): “Regarding the definition of malnutrition we refer to the ESPEN consensus [7] and terminology [8].”
- GLIM criteria for the diagnosis of malnutrition - A consensus report from the global clinical nutrition community. (2019, background): “ESPEN 2015 [8] Malnutrition >5% past 3 mo, or >10% <18.”
- Hypoalbuminemia: Pathogenesis and Clinical Significance (2018, background): “182 Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition 43(2)”
- ESPEN guideline: Clinical nutrition in surgery. (2017, methodology): “Grade of recommendation GPP/A e strong consensus (100% agreement) Commentary: For the surgical patient PN is beneficial in the following circumstances (ESPEN Guidelines [105]): in undernourished patients in whom EN is not feasible or not tolerated, and in patients with postoperative complications im”