Feed and fishmeal use in the production of carp and tilapia in China

By Alice Chiu, Luping Li, Shujin Guo, Junfei Bai, C. Fedor, Rosamond L. Naylor. 2013

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China at a Crossroads: An Analysis of China's Changing Seafood Production and Consumption (2020, methodology): “Carp is produced mainly for domestic consumption, whereas tilapia is primarily exported as a low-cost alternative to other whitefish in many countries.(29) Even if recent large-scale offshore finfish initiative exists, to date, farming of marine fish occurs mainly in nearshore waters and around 75% ”
Feed Matters: Satisfying the Feed Demand of Aquaculture (2015, background): “Moreover, apart from being the world’s largest animal and aquaculture feed producer, China is also the world’s largest importer and consumer of plant and animal feedstuffs, including fishmeal (Chiu et al., 2013; Tacon and Nates, 2007).”
Most fish destined for fishmeal production are food-grade fish (2017, background): “…sources that can substantially improve the growth rate of certain aquaculture and livestock species when fishmeal is supplemented to a diet that formerly relied on other or minimal inputs, such as in pig production or Chinese carp aquaculture, respectively (Alder et al., 2008; Chiu et al., 2013).”