A 4-item measure of depression and anxiety: validation and standardization of the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4) in the general population.

By B. Löwe, I. Wahl, M. Rose, C. Spitzer, Heide Glaesmer, K. Wingenfeld, A. Schneider, Elmar Brähler. Journal of Affective Disorders, 2010

2,248 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Subfields: General Health Professions, Oncology, Social Psychology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0e374d93f2c5528b8a146cd2f0e09ef44028a4df

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Citations in the corpus

The Role of Job Demands and Job Resources in the Development of Emotional Exhaustion, Depression, and Anxiety Among Police Officers (2018, methodology): “Depression and anxiety were assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4), an ultra-brief self-report questionnaire that consists of a 2-item anxiety scale (GAD-2) and a 2-item depression scale (PHQ-2) (Kroenke, Spitzer, & Williams, 2003; Löwe et al., 2010).”
Standardization of the depression screener patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) in the general population. (2013, result): “Results of a standardization study of the PHQ-4 on depression and anxiety, yielded that the German general population could be considered comparable to the American general population [37].”
Digital Stress over the Life Span: The Effects of Communication Load and Internet Multitasking on Perceived Stress and Psychological Health Impairments in a German Probability Sample (2017, methodology): “The 4-item Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4; Löwe et al., 2010) was used to measure depression and generalized Digital Stress Over the Life Span 101”
Development and initial validation of the COVID Stress Scales (2020, positive): “The PHQ-4 has demonstrated good reliability and validity in both clinical and non-clinical samples (Kroenke et al., 2009; Löwe et al., 2010) .”
The Patient Health Questionnaire Somatic, Anxiety, and Depressive Symptom Scales: a systematic review. (2010, methodology): “Validated individually as abbreviated screeners for depression and anxiety, the PHQ-2 and GAD-2 have also been validated when combined as an ultra-brief screener — the PHQ-4 — for depression and anxiety in large clinical (n=2149) [167] and general population (n=5030) samples [168].”
Mental Health and Psychosocial Problems of Medical Health Workers during the COVID-19 Epidemic in China (2020, methodology): “In screening of depression and anxiety, a cutoff ≥3 in GAD-2 and PHQ-2 is recommended [16] .”
Mental Health, Substance Use, and Suicidal Ideation During the COVID-19 Pandemic — United States, June 24–30, 2020 (2020, methodology): “¶¶ Symptoms of anxiety disorder and depressive disorder were assessed using the fouritem Patient Health Questionnaire*** (4), and symptoms of a COVID-19–related TSRD were assessed using the six-item Impact of Event Scale††† (5).”