Gene expression perturbation in vitro--a growing case for three-dimensional (3D) culture systems.

By Anna Birgersdotter, Rickard Sandberg, I. Ernberg. Seminars in Cancer Biology, 2005

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Hydrogels as Extracellular Matrix Mimics for 3D Cell Culture (2009, background): “This dynamic, extracellular environment orchestrates an intracellular signaling cascade that influences phenotypic fate by altering gene and ultimately protein expression (Birgersdotter et al., 2005).”
Choosing the right cell line for breast cancer research (2011, background): “For example, when epidermal growth factor – a common component in media designed to culture breast myoepithelial cells – is included in luminal epithelial cell culture, this can induce loss of expression of E-cadherin characteristic of epithelial to mesenchymal transition and the cells exhibit a mor”
Modeling tissue morphogenesis and cancer in 3D. (2007, positive): “Further stromal alteration via immune responses and other processes results in a characteristic “activated” stroma with high rates of proliferation and abnormal production of matrix and matrix proteases (Beacham and Cukierman, 2005; Birgersdotter et al., 2005).”
Three-Dimensional Cell Culture Systems and Their Applications in Drug Discovery and Cell-Based Biosensors (2014, background): “and proliferation are repressed in 2D-adapted cell lines compared to their corresponding tissue origins.(1) This supports the observation”