The bystander-effect: a meta-analytic review on bystander intervention in dangerous and non-dangerous emergencies.

By Peter Fischer, Joachim I. Krueger, Tobias Greitemeyer, C. Vogrincic, A. Kastenmüller, Dieter Frey, Moritz Heene, Magdalena Wicher, Martina Kainbacher. Psychological bulletin, 2011

925 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Subfields: Applied Psychology, Social Psychology, Sociology and Political Science

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/43e957f87e561c4d2d65715e6fe94e872b34299e

How researchers see this paper

The researchers whose trusted networks rank it highest, strongest advocate first. Every researcher gets a different order.

In Applied Psychology

1. Eranda Jayawickreme
2. Victoria L. Banyard
3. John H. Grych
4. S. Hamby
5. William Fleeson
6. R. Furr
7. P. V. van Lange
8. Colleen P. Kirk

In Social Psychology

1. Eranda Jayawickreme
2. Victoria L. Banyard
3. S. Hamby
4. Nicholas Brody
5. John H. Grych
6. Joann Peck
7. J. Prooijen
8. William Fleeson

In Sociology and Political Science

1. Suzanne B. Shu
2. Joann Peck
3. Eranda Jayawickreme
4. S. Hamby
5. Colleen P. Kirk
6. J. Prooijen
7. William Fleeson
8. Laura R. Welp

Citations in the corpus

• What difference do bystanders make? The association of bystander involvement with victim outcomes in a community sample (2015, background): “Other researchers specifically investigated barriers to bystanders helping (Burn, 2009) including the impact that danger or safety concerns by bystanders may have on intervention (Fischer et al., 2011).”
• Caring for the Commons: Using Psychological Ownership to Enhance Stewardship Behavior for Public Goods (2020, methodology): “Finally, we contribute to the research on diffusion of responsibility (e.g., Darley and Latané 1968; Fischer et al. 2011) by using a numerical sign as a cue of presence of others rather than actual presence.”
• Self-compassion, empathy, and helping intentions (2014, background): “Given that situational factors greatly constrain actual acts of help (Fischer et al., 2011), it seems probable that a trait like self-compassion will affect help in only some situations.”
• Social identity, group processes, and helping in emergencies (2013, background): “…has suggested that these processes are independent and operate at different stages of the decision-making process (Latané & Darley, 1970; Schwartz & Gottlieb, 1976; see also Fischer et al., 2011, for a recent meta-analysis of bystander intervention in emergencies and discussion of these processes).”
• Bystander Intervention in Cyberbullying (2016, background): “The bystander effect is an extensively researched phenomenon (for a review, see Fischer et al., 2011) that posits that individuals are less likely to exhibit prosocial behavior during an emergency situation if other bystanders are present than if they are not.”
• Be Aware to Care: Public Self-Awareness Leads to a Reversal of the Bystander Effect. (2012, background): “A recent meta-analysis (Fischer et al., 2011) comparing over forty years of studies on the bystander effect clearly shows that the negative influence of groups on helping behavior is very strong in many different situations.”
• Crowdfunding Creative Ideas: The Dynamics of Project Backers in Kickstarter (2015, positive): “Literature reviews by Latane and Nida (1981) and Fisher, et al. (2011) show that this type of bystander effect operates in many diverse situations, including non-emergencies (e.g., answering the door, helping with a flat tire, leaving a tip).”
• Virtuous states and virtuous traits: How the empirical evidence regarding the existence of broad traits saves virtue ethics from the situationist critique (2014, result): “Subsequent research has cast doubt on many of these findings (Fischer et al., 2011), but for now we do not argue with the conclusions of these studies.”