Microwave and ultrasonic processing: Now a realistic option for industry
By C. Leonelli, Timothy J. Mason. 2010
520 citations recorded by the source corpus.
Environmentally friendlier preparations of chemical compounds and organic or inorganic materials are generally accompanied by the concept of saving resources by optimizing reaction conditions and/or introducing new process technologies. The use of ionic liquids and a solvent-free approach are among these technologies, but in terms of the minimisation of energy and optimization of reaction control both microwave and ultrasound irradiation have now proved to be real options. This review starts from the basic considerations on the separate interaction of microwaves and ultrasound with matter and goes on to explore some laboratory and industrial applications of each type of activation. It is also possible to enhance the effects of high frequency electromagnetic fields, typical of microwaves, or the cavitational energy associated with sonochemistry by combining them with other extreme conditions such as plasmas, high pressure and UV. Finally the simultaneous use of microwaves and ultrasound in a single reactor is described. This novel mixing of technologies has been implemented in order to combine the effects of enhanced energy with improved matter transportation.
Subfields: Biomedical Engineering, Materials Chemistry, Organic Chemistry
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/437c9f12569c7bc6ca2456af021ad337f6d88db7
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Citations in the corpus
- Microwave energy potential for biodiesel production (2013, background): “Combining the effects of the microwave and ultrasonic energy can be innovative and beneficial [219].”
- Technologies and policies to decarbonize global industry: Review and assessment of mitigation drivers through 2070 (2020, background): “• General-purpose heating may be provided by heat pumps, induction heating, or infrared, microwave, and radio frequency excitation of molecules [169,170].”
- A review on advances of torrefaction technologies for biomass processing (2012, background): “(e) Microwave heating is very attractive for various chemical processes as it produces efficient internal heating for chemical reactions, even under exothermic conditions [48], and has become a widely accepted nonconventional energy source for performing organic synthesis [59].”
- A review of the beneficiation of rare earth element bearing minerals (2013, background): “…and the effect on downstream processing, which may result in the development of industrially applicable microwave processes that could be applied to rare earth mineral beneficiation (Can and Bayraktar, 2007; Jones et al., 2005; Kingman, 2006; Kumar et al., 2010; Leonelli and Mason, 2010).”