Technologies and policies to decarbonize global industry: Review and assessment of mitigation drivers through 2070
By J. Rissman, C. Bataille, E. Masanet, Nathaniel T. Aden, W. R. Morrow, N. Zhou, N. Elliott, R. Dell, Niko Heeren, B. Huckestein and 20 more. Applied Energy, 2020
849 citations recorded by the source corpus.
Abstract Fully decarbonizing global industry is essential to achieving climate stabilization, and reaching net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050–2070 is necessary to limit global warming to 2 °C. This paper assembles and evaluates technical and policy interventions, both on the supply side and on the demand side. It identifies measures that, employed together, can achieve net zero industrial emissions in the required timeframe. Key supply-side technologies include energy efficiency (especially at the system level), carbon capture, electrification, and zero-carbon hydrogen as a heat source and chemical feedstock. There are also promising technologies specific to each of the three top-emitting industries: cement, iron & steel, and chemicals & plastics. These include cement admixtures and alternative chemistries, several technological routes for zero-carbon steelmaking, and novel chemical catalysts and separation technologies. Crucial demand-side approaches include material-efficient design, reductions in material waste, substituting low-carbon for high-carbon materials, and circular economy interventions (such as improving product longevity, reusability, ease of refurbishment, and recyclability). Strategic, well-designed policy can accelerate innovation and provide incentives for technology deployment. High-value policies include carbon pricing with border adjustments or other price signals; robust government support for research, development, and deployment; and energy efficiency or emissions standards. These core policies should be supported by labeling and government procurement of low-carbon products, data collection and disclosure requirements, and recycling incentives. In implementing these policies, care must be taken to ensure a just transition for displaced workers and affected communities. Similarly, decarbonization must complement the human and economic development of low- and middle-income countries.
Subfields: Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Environmental Engineering, Mechanical Engineering
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8f8c1ced68a0e7b68cb34e5a90cdef626362f62e
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Citations in the corpus
- Electricity Generation from Renewable Energy Sources in Poland as a Part of Commitment to the Polish and EU Energy Policy (2020, background): “Furthermore, an important element of the Plan’s CO2 reduction policy is the development of nuclear energy in Poland.”
- The green hydrogen ambition and implementation gap (2024, neutral): “Second, although evidence shows that hydrogen and electrofuels are promising for decarbonizing maritime shipping 32 , aviation 33 and steel 34 , substantial uncertainty remains concerning the competition with alternative mitigation options such as direct electrification, biofuels or carbon capture…”
- A review of trends and drivers of greenhouse gas emissions by sector from 1990 to 2018 (2021, background): “…share of all direct emissions since 1990 and faces non-trivial technological bottlenecks to mitigation, particularly in steel and cement process emissions, making it a key sector that will shape global mitigation prospects going forward (Davis et al 2018, Crippa et al 2019, Rissman et al 2020).”