A Pollution Theory of Discrimination: Male and Female Differences in Occupations and Earnings

188 citations recorded by the source corpus.

How researchers see this paper

The researchers whose trusted networks rank it highest, strongest advocate first. Every researcher gets a different order.

Gender Inequality in Labor Markets: The Role of Motherhood and Segregation (2005, background): “Women’s employment has become more continuous (Goldin 1990), and this accounts for some of the decrease in the sex gap in pay (O’Neill and Polachek 1993; Smith and Ward 1984; Wellington 1993).7 Segregation and the Pay Gap Whatever the causes of segregation (previously discussed), it is linked to…”
Powerful Women: Does Exposure Reduce Bias? (2008, unknown): “1”
Gender segregation in the labour market : root causes, implications and policy responses in the EU (2009, background): “Goldin (2002) has recently revisited Becker’s line of argument turning it into a more sophisticated ‘pollution’ hypothesis.”
Does Integration Change Gender Attitudes? The Effect of Randomly Assigning Women to Traditionally Male Teams* (2018, unknown): “Historically, women were denied access to universities, fired from their jobs if they married or had children and barred from certain occupations within firms (Goldin, 2014a).”
Systemic Discrimination Among Large U.S. Employers (2021, unknown): “This pattern may signal discrimination on the basis of gendered stereotypes regarding 21 characteristically female or male tasks (Goldin, 2014; Dahl, Kotsadam and Rooth, 2021).”