Specialized ribosomes: a new frontier in gene regulation and organismal biology
By Shifeng Xue, M. Barna. Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology, 2012
698 citations recorded by the source corpus.
Historically, the ribosome has been viewed as a complex ribozyme with constitutive rather than intrinsic regulatory capacity in mRNA translation. However, emerging studies reveal that ribosome activity may be highly regulated. Heterogeneity in ribosome composition resulting from differential expression and post-translational modifications of ribosomal proteins, ribosomal RNA (rRNA) diversity and the activity of ribosome-associated factors may generate 'specialized ribosomes' that have a substantial impact on how the genomic template is translated into functional proteins. Moreover, constitutive components of the ribosome may also exert more specialized activities by virtue of their interactions with specific mRNA regulatory elements such as internal ribosome entry sites (IRESs) or upstream open reading frames (uORFs). Here we discuss the hypothesis that intrinsic regulation by the ribosome acts to selectively translate subsets of mRNAs harbouring unique cis-regulatory elements, thereby introducing an additional level of regulation in gene expression and the life of an organism.
Subfields: Molecular Biology
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/41d9e6f8c7ba31d7a7ea95f16f4315a948114eab
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Citations in the corpus
- The Central Dogma Decentralized: New Perspectives on RNA Function and Local Translation in Neurons (2013, background): “…suggested by recent studies showing that haplo-insufficiency of several different ribosomal proteins give rise to specific Neuron 80, October 30, 2013 ª2013 Elsevier Inc. 653 phenotypes rather than affecting all cells ubiquitously (Kondrashov et al., 2011; Uechi et al., 2006; Xue and Barna, 2012).”
- A census of human RNA-binding proteins (2014, background): “and a systematic survey of ribosome composition in different cell types and tissues, their expressed rRNA and ribosomal protein isoforms, as well as the level of protein and rRNA modifications has been challenging (Lafontaine, 2015; Xue and Barna, 2012).”
- Ribosome Biogenesis in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2013, background): “Komili et al. (2007) proposed a ribosome code, in which physical heterogeneity of ribosomes could reflect functional heterogeneity, to regulate translation of different target mRNAs (reviewed in Gilbert 2011; Xue and Barna 2012).”
- RACK1 on and off the ribosome (2019, background): “Recent cellular studies have challenged this paradigm and have proposed that variations in the composition of the ribosome can yield specialized functions (Gilbert 2011; Xue and Barna 2012).”