The Smartphone Addiction Scale: Development and Validation of a Short Version for Adolescents

By Min Kwon, D. Kim, H. Cho, Soo Yang. PLoS ONE, 2013

1,994 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Objective This study was designed to investigate the revised and short version of the smartphone addiction scale and the proof of its validity in adolescents. In addition, it suggested cutting off the values by gender in order to determine smartphone addiction and elaborate the characteristics of smartphone usage in adolescents. Method A set of questionnaires were provided to a total of 540 selected participants from April to May of 2013. The participants consisted of 343 boys and 197 girls, and their average age was 14.5 years old. The content validity was performed on a selection of shortened items, while an internal-consistency test was conducted for the verification of its reliability. The concurrent validity was confirmed using SAS, SAPS and KS-scale. Receiver operating characteristics analysis was conducted to suggest cut-off. Results The 10 final questions were selected using content validity. The internal consistency and concurrent validity of SAS were verified with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.911. The SAS-SV was significantly correlated with the SAS, SAPS and KS-scale. The SAS-SV scores of gender (p<.001) and self-evaluation of smartphone addiction (p<.001) showed significant difference. The ROC analysis results showed an area under a curve (AUC) value of 0.963(0.888–1.000), a cut-off value of 31, sensitivity value of 0.867 and specificity value of 0.893 in boys while an AUC value of 0.947(0.887–1.000), a cut-off value of 33, sensitivity value of 0.875, and a specificity value of 0.886 in girls. Conclusions The SAS-SV showed good reliability and validity for the assessment of smartphone addiction. The smartphone addiction scale short version, which was developed and validated in this study, could be used efficiently for the evaluation of smartphone addiction in community and research areas.

Subfields: Social Psychology, Sociology and Political Science

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4175de877995760d590fc26b1af8dc01612c0644

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Citations in the corpus

Relationship of Smartphone Use Severity with Sleep Quality, Depression, and Anxiety in University Students (2015, background): “The booming use of smartphones and the fact that these phones encompass many features have raised the issue of smartphone addiction (Kwon, Kim, Cho & Yang, 2013).”
Too Much Information (2015, positive): “…studied under different terms such as problematic use (Bianchi & Phillips, 2005; Billieux, Van der Linden, & Rochat, 2008; Lopez-Fernandezet al., 2014), dependence (Choliz, 2012; Toda, Monden, Kubo, & Morimoto, 2004), dysfunctional use (Billieux et al., 2014), and addiction (Kwon et al., 2013).”
Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version of the Smartphone Addiction Scale in a Younger Population (2014, background): “Psychol Addict Behav 2004;18(4):381-4.”
Problematic smartphone use: A conceptual overview and systematic review of relations with anxiety and depression psychopathology. (2017, methodology): “Also, the Smartphone Addiction Scale developed by Kwon et al. (2013b), or its short version developed by Kwon, Kim, Cho and Yang (2013a), were used in two studies (Demirci et al., 2015; Lee, 2015).”
Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version among university students (2015, neutral): “911’dir.(14) Bu çalışmada elde edilen alfa katsayısı özgün ölçeğin değerine yakın olup yüksek güvenilirlik düzeyindedir.”
Smartphone use and smartphone addiction among young people in Switzerland (2015, background): “Existing studies have been conducted in Taiwan (Lin et al., 2014; Lin et al., 2015), Korea (Cho & Lee, 2015; Kwon, Kim, Cho & Yang, 2013; Kwon et al., 2013), India (Davey & Davey, 2014), and the US (Roberts, Yaya & Manolis, 2014; Smetaniuk, 2014).”
Psychological Distress, Emotion Dysregulation, and Coping Behaviour: a Theoretical Perspective of Problematic Smartphone Use (2020, methodology): “In the current sample, the SAS-SV had a Cronbach’s alpha of .841.”
Tracking Depression Dynamics in College Students Using Mobile Phone and Wearable Sensing (2018, methodology): “…passive sensor data from phones [15, 74, 75]; (2) the diminished ability to concentrate symptom can be associated with excessive smartphone use [20, 44], specifically when measured in study spaces across campus (e.g., libraries, study rooms, quiet working areas associated with cafes, dorms, etc.)…”
Smartphone usage in the 21st century: who is active on WhatsApp? (2015, background): “It has been suggested that overuse of smartphones may resemble an addiction [2, 3] and overuse is also linked to time distortion, with the result that the smartphone is used for longer than originally intended or perceived [4].”