Electrochemical and Thermal Characterization of Battery Modules Commensurate with Electric Vehicle Integration

By M. Verbrugge, R. S. Conell. 2002

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Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) and Battery Management System (BMS) for Grid-Scale Applications (2014, background): “Predictive and adaptive BMSs based on models are especially important for large battery packs for applications such as electric vehicles and grid integration [11]–[13].”
State of charge estimation using an unscented filter for high power lithium ion cells (2010, methodology): “These include following the physical property of the cell, such as the internal resistance or the electrolyte density [3,4], measurement of the cell impedance [5–8], optical methods [9], eddy current methods [10], equivalent circuit analysis of the charge/ discharge and/or impedance curves [11–18,22”
A survey of mathematics-based equivalent-circuit and electrochemical battery models for hybrid and electric vehicle simulation (2014, unknown): “…are usually executed oﬄine on workstations, the stringent requirements of real-time computation are absent, and one can aﬀord to use a more computationally expensive model such as the Li-ion models of [8, 10, 23–32], the NiMH models of [7, 9, 23, 33], or the lead-acid models of [23, 34, 35].”