Choline: An Essential Nutrient for Public Health
By Steven Zeisel, Kerry‐Ann da Costa. Nutrition reviews, 2009
994 citations recorded by the source corpus.
Choline was officially recognized as an essential nutrient by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) in 1998. There is a significant variation in the dietary requirement for choline that can be explained by common genetic polymorphisms. Because of its wide-ranging roles in human metabolism, from cell structure to neurotransmitter synthesis, choline-deficiency is now thought to have an impact on diseases such as liver disease, atherosclerosis and possibly neurological disorders. Choline is found in a wide variety of foods. Egg yolks are the most concentrated source of choline in the American diet, providing 680 milligrams per 100 grams. Mean choline intakes for older children, men, women and pregnant women are far below the Adequate Intake established by the IOM. Given the importance of choline in a wide range of critical functions in the human body, coupled with less than optimal intakes among the population, dietary guidance should be developed to encourage the intake of choline-rich foods.
Subfields: Clinical Biochemistry, Neurology, Rheumatology
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3fa0cdb15881723ecc9b84bc700c7f6a1df6699c
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Citations in the corpus
- Microbial conversion of choline to trimethylamine requires a glycyl radical enzyme (2012, background): “Choline is an essential nutrient for higher organisms, including humans, contributing to cell membrane function, methyl transfer events, and neurotransmission (1).”
- Intestinal Microbiota Composition Modulates Choline Bioavailability from Diet and Accumulation of the Proatherogenic Metabolite Trimethylamine-N-Oxide (2015, background): “Currently, only an estimated 10% of the U.S. population consistently meets or exceeds the daily recommended intake of choline established by the Institute of Medicine (11).”