Likert scales: how to (ab)use them

By S. Jamieson. Medical Education, 2004

2,691 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Subfields: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3ebe1b5c7e927be0221788348973b17c9de3bf05

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In Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health

Citations in the corpus

Using Likert Type Data in Social Science Research: Confusion, Issues and Challenges (2016, methodology): “…important issue because the appropriate descriptive and inferential statistics differ for ordinal and interval variables and if the wrong statistical technique is used, the researcher increases the chance of coming to the wrong conclusion about the significance of his/her research (Jamieson, 2004).”
The potential of virtual tourism in the recovery of tourism industry during the COVID-19 pandemic (2021, methodology): “Moreover, nonparametric statistical methods perform better than parametric statistical methods for Likert scale data (Jamieson, 2004).”
A scattered CAT: A critical evaluation of the consensual assessment technique for creativity research. (2019, methodology): “(2016, Study 8) reused the data gathered by Jauk, Benedek, Dunst, and Neubauer (2013); both studies explored the relationship between creativity and intelligence.”
Socioscientific Issues as a Vehicle for Promoting Character and Values for Global Citizens (2013, background): “Much deliberation appears in the literature about the nature of Likert-type data and the assumptions needed to be met for this type of data to be analyzed parametrically (Clason & Dormody, 1994; Jamieson, 2004; Kahler, Rogausch, Brunner, & Himmel, 2008; Nanna & Sawilosky, 1998).”
Using Likert-Type Scales in the Social Sciences. (2011, background): “Lee Ostrom is a professor at the Idaho Falls Center for Higher Education at the University of Idaho, Idaho Falls, Idaho. categories of response ranging from 5 = strongly agree to 1 = strongly disagree with a 3 = neutral type of response (Jamieson, 2004).”
Associations Between Grit, Motivation, and Achievement in High School Students (2017, background): “, assuming unequal intervals between each response option; Jamieson, 2004). Categorical data that are incorrectly treated as continuous can result in less reliable results (e.g., Cohen, Manion, & Morrison, 2000; Rhemtulla, Brosseau-Liard, & Savalei, 2012). In a simulation study, Rhemtulla et al. (20”
Reviewing and visualizing the interactions of natural hazards (2014, methodology): “The classification employed is an adaptation of a standard Likert scale, which typically has a bivalent scale of five points, but can have a different number (including even) of points [Jamieson, 2004].”
Improving the content validity of the mixed methods appraisal tool: a modified e-Delphi study. (2019, background): “Likert scales may have some limitations related to central tendency and desirability biases [50].”
Inequality with Ordinal Data (2017, neutral): “22See Kuzon, Urbanchek, and McCabe (1996), Jamieson (2004).”
The use of rating and Likert scales in Natural Language Generation human evaluation tasks: A review and some recommendations (2019, background): “Some authors, for example Jamieson (2004), do not accept such an assumption and do not consider the points as equally distant.”
Comparing Two Samples from an Individual Likert Question (2017, methodology): “The choice between parametric and non-parametric tests for the analysis of single Likert items depends on the assumptions that researchers are willing to make and the hypotheses that they are testing (Jamieson, 2004).”
Generation of an Interval Metric Scale to Measure Attitude (2014, methodology): “This is an example of the phenomena of treating ordinals as intervals described by Harwell and Gatti (2001) and other researchers such as Knapp (1990), Jamieson (2004), Grace (2008), Chimi and Russell (2009), and Henson et al. (2010).”
Can Likert Scales be Treated as Interval Scales?—A Simulation Study (2017, methodology): “Jamieson (2004) reviewed ways of using and abusing Likert scales, and stated that it is a common practice, but controversial, to treat a Likert scale as interval scale.”
The Visual Analogue Scale for Rating, Ranking and Paired-Comparison (VAS-RRP): A new technique for psychological measurement (2018, methodology): “Likert-type scales are an ordinal-level measure but not an interval-level measure—that is, the response categories have a rank order, but the intervals between values cannot be presumed to be equal (Jamieson, 2004).”