Kinetic study and equilibrium isotherm analysis of Congo Red adsorption by clay materials

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Cellulose nanocrystal–alginate hydrogel beads as novel adsorbents for organic dyes in aqueous solutions (2015, neutral): “(Chatterjee et al. 2007; Vimonses et al. 2009).”
Congo Red adsorption by ball-milled sugarcane bagasse (2011, background): “Removal of dye-based contaminants (some of which are toxic) is very difficult, as they are resistant to aerobic and anaerobic digestions, and are stable to light, heat and moderate oxidizing agents [1, 2].”
Comparative study on adsorption of two cationic dyes by milled sugarcane bagasse (2013, methodology): “The positive value of entropy ΔS° indicates an increase in disorder of solid-liquid interface during dye adsorption (Vimonses et al., 2009).”
Preparation, Characterization and Performance Evaluation of Chitosan as an Adsorbent for Remazol Red (2016, methodology): “At alkaline pH, very low adsorption capacity was observed because the amino functional groups of chitosan were no longer in protonated form and also there was a competition between the hydroxyl ions and anionic dyes in basic media for the adsorbent[6, 38].”