Grades as Valid Measures of Academic Achievement of Classroom Learning

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A Century of Grading Research (2016, unknown): “Despite the enduring perception that the correlation between grades and standardized test scores is strong (Allen, 2005; Duckworth, Quinn, & Tsukayama, 2012; Stanley & Baines, 2004), this correlation is and always has been relatively modest, in the”
Test, measurement, and evaluation: Understanding and use of the concepts in education (2020, background): “In the classrooms, students learn varieties of content, and teachers are required to assess students' knowledge on these contents and summarize them in the form of alphabetical or numerical code thus grades [31].”