Toxoplasma co-opts host gene expression by injection of a polymorphic kinase homologue

By J. Saeij, S. Coller, J. Boyle, M. Jerome, Michael W. White, J. Boothroyd. Nature, 2007

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Epidemiology of and Diagnostic Strategies for Toxoplasmosis (2012, background): “It is now recognized that the parasite rhoptry protein ROP16 can rapidly process into the host cell nucleus, where it interferes with signaling pathways of host immune responses, particularly through the phosphorylation of the STAT3 and STAT6 transcription factors (197, 291), leading to the downregu”
Toll-like receptor–induced arginase 1 in macrophages thwarts effective immunity against intracellular pathogens (2008, background): “gondii injects rhoptry (ROP) kinases that activate host STAT proteins, including STAT6 (ref”
INTERLEUKIN-4- AND INTERLEUKIN-13-MEDIATED ALTERNATIVELY ACTIVATED MACROPHAGES: ROLES IN HOMEOSTASIS AND DISEASE (2013, unknown): “gondii encode rhoptry kinase ROP16, which can directly activate STAT6 to induce host Arg1 expression (57, 58); however, ROP16-deficient T.”
JAK and STAT signaling molecules in immunoregulation and immune-mediated disease. (2012, background): “…it has long been recognized that viruses can disrupt IFN signaling by disrupting STAT signaling (Ramachandran and Horvath, 2009), recent work shows that T. gondii alters host response by injecting the kinase ROP16 and activating both STAT3 and STAT6 (Butcher et al., 2011; Saeij et al., 2007).”