Effect of nanocrystalline and ultrafine grain sizes on the strain rate sensitivity and activation volume: fcc versus bcc metals

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Mechanics of Solids and Materials (2006, background): “…to the rate of loading than those of microcrystalline metals; the strain-rate sensitivity index, defined below, is an order of magnitude higher for metals with nanocrystalline structures (Lu et al., 2001; Wang and Ma, 2003; Dalla Torre et al., 2002; Schwaiger et al., 2003; Wei et al., 2004).”
Mechanistic models for the activation volume and rate sensitivity in metals with nanocrystalline grains and nano-scale twins (2005, background): “Thermally activated mechanisms contributing to plastic deformation processes in metals and alloys are often quantitatively interpreted by examining the rate sensitivity index, m, and activation volume, t. The non-dimensional strain-rate sensitivity index is defined as [13, 9 ]”
Ductility and Plasticity of Nanostructured Metals: Differences and Issues (2018, background): “For nanostructured bcc metals, the strain rate sensitivity has been observed to decrease with decreasing grain size [72,73].”