40 years of research on internationalization and firm performance: More questions than answers?

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Home country uncertainty and the internationalization-performance relationship: Building an uncertainty management capability (2017, background): “…between internationalization and performance has debated the nature of the shape of such relationship, with studies finding positive, negative, U-shaped, inverted U-shaped and sigmoidal relationships (see summaries of the literature in Glaum & Oesterle, 2007; Contractor, 2012; Marano et al., 2016).”
The relationship between international diversification and firm performance: Why it remains a puzzle (2011, background): “Thus, despite the wealth of empirical research to date, whether and how international diversification impacts firm performance still remains one of the major unresolved research questions in both the international business and strategy fields (Glaum and Oesterle, 2007; Peng, 2004).”
SMEs and international entrepreneurship: An institutional network perspective (2015, background): “Considering the apparent diverse viewpoints, Glaum and Oesterle (2007) assert that a unified definition remains elusive even after 40 years of research into the area of the internationalization of firms (p. 308).”