Lateral Transfer of Genes from Fungi Underlies Carotenoid Production in Aphids

By N. Moran, T. Jarvik. Science, 2010

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Carotenoid extraction methods: A review of recent developments. (2018, background): “Since animals (except some species of aphids) are unable to synthesize carotenoids (Moran & Jarvik, 2010), they need to be obtained from food.”
A global perspective on carotenoids: Metabolism, biotechnology, and benefits for nutrition and health. (2018, background): “Their presence appears to be of ecological significance because it determines color polymorphism and hence influences susceptibility to natural enemies [176].”
The biology of color (2017, background): “Lateral gene transfers may be involved: Aphids, for example, incorporate fungal genes to produce a wider spectrum of carotenoids (16).”
The Hologenome Concept: Human, Animal and Plant Microbiota (2014, background): “Examples include transfer of carotenoid biosynthetic genes from a fungus to aphids (Moran and Jarvik 2010), evolution of glyoxylate cycle enzymes in metazoans (Kondrashov et al. 2006), transfer of alpha- and betatubulin genes from eukaryotes to the bacterium Prosthecobacter (Schlieper et al. 2005),…”
The genome of Tetranychus urticae reveals herbivorous pest adaptations (2011, neutral): “The absence of CYP306A1 indicates that the spider mite uses the ecdysteroid 25-deoxy-20-hydroxyecdysone (ponasterone A) as the moulting hormone, instead of the typical arthropod 20E.”