The rise of Laminaria ochroleuca in the Western English Channel (UK) and comparisons with its competitor and assemblage dominant Laminaria hyperborea

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The role of kelp species as biogenic habitat formers in coastal marine ecosystems (2017, background): “For 293 instance, L. hyperborea has been shown to support up to 86 times more epiphytes (by weight) than 294 Laminaria ochroleuca, in areas where both species co-exist in mixed stands (Smale et al., 2015).”
Can ecosystem functioning be maintained despite climate‐driven shifts in species composition? Insights from novel marine forests (2018, background): “In recent decades, L. ochroleuca has increased in relative abundance at the leading-edge of its distribution (Smale et al. 2015; Teagle & Smale 2018), being now common throughout the southwest coast of the UK (Brodie et al. 2009) and dominating forest assemblages in many wave-sheltered locations…”
The ‘golden kelp’ Laminaria ochroleuca under global change: Integrating multiple eco‐physiological responses with species distribution models (2018, background): “The contraction of L. ochroleuca from southern Portugal (Assis et al., 2009; Tuya et al., 2012) and the rise at southern England (Smale et al., 2015) confirms these results.”
Global patterns of kelp forest change over the past half-century (2016, background): “Kelp forest declines have now been documented in many regions in response to a variety of stressors (18, 31–35), but kelp abundances have been stable or increasing in other areas (17, 36, 37).”