Global patterns of kelp forest change over the past half-century

By Kira A. Krumhansl, D. Okamoto, A. Rassweiler, M. Novak, J. Bolton, Kyle C. Cavanaugh, S. Connell, Craig R. Johnson, B. Konar, S. Ling and 27 more. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2016

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Pervasive human-driven decline of life on Earth points to the need for transformative change (2019, unknown): “Seagrass extent is decreasing by more than 10% per decade, while kelp forests have declined in 38% of their biogeographic regions (24).”
Climate Change Impacts on Seagrass Meadows and Macroalgal Forests: An Integrative Perspective on Acclimation and Adaptation Potential (2018, background): “For macroalgae, the magnitude and direction of abundance changes vary strongly between geographic regions (Krumhansl et al., 2016), but macrophyte losses are concentrated in warm-temperate to tropical regions (Nicastro et al.”
Seaweed production: overview of the global state of exploitation, farming and emerging research activity (2017, background): “While kelps seem to possess a certain degree of resilience to global climate change (Krumhansl et al., 2016), biomass availability can vary greatly on a local basis (Bell et al., 2015).”