A Methodological Review of Personality-Related Studies in Fish: Focus on the Shy-Bold Axis of Behavior

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Fish behavioral types and their ecological consequences (2014, unknown): “…providing some of the earliest demonstrations of behavioral trait variation in any species (e.g., Huntingford 1976, 1982; Ehlinger and Wilson 1988) and continuing today as one of the most studied taxonomic groups (Stamps 2007; Toms et al. 2010; Budaev and Brown 2011; Conrad et al. 2011).”
How not to measure boldness: novel object and antipredator responses are not the same in wild baboons (2012, background): “…et al. 2005) and novel environments (Brown & Braithwaite 2004; Dingemanse et al. 2004), and by observer assessment under natural conditions (Wielebnowski 1999; Bergvall et al. 2011; Carter et al. 2012; these methods are reviewed in Gosling 2001; Vazire et al. 2007; Uher 2008a; Toms et al. 2010).”
Boldness–exploration behavioral syndrome: interfamily variability and repeatability of personality traits in the young of the convict cichlid (Amatitlania siquia) (2015, methodology): “The predator inspection test is widely used to assess individual level of boldness in fishes (e.g., Dugatkin and Godin 1992; Budaev and Zworykin 2003; Toms et al. 2010; Wisenden et al. 2011).”
Animal personality: what are behavioural ecologists measuring? (2013, background): “Boldness has been tested by quantifying behavioural responses to novel objects, responses to a novel environment, and responses to predation risk (Toms et al., 2010).”