NAFLD: a multisystem disease.

By Christopher D. Byrne, G. Targher. Journal of Hepatology, 2015

2,771 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease in Western countries that is predicted to become also the most frequent indication for liver transplantation by 2030. Over the last decade, it has been shown that the clinical burden of NAFLD is not only confined to liver-related morbidity and mortality, but there is now growing evidence that NAFLD is a multisystem disease, affecting extra-hepatic organs and regulatory pathways. For example, NAFLD increases risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cardiovascular (CVD) and cardiac diseases, and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Although the primary liver pathology in NAFLD affects hepatic structure and function to cause morbidity and mortality from cirrhosis, liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma, the majority of deaths among NAFLD patients are attributable to CVD. This narrative review focuses on the rapidly expanding body of clinical evidence that supports the concept of NAFLD as a multisystem disease. The review discusses the factors involved in the progression of liver disease in NAFLD and the factors linking NAFLD with other extra-hepatic chronic diseases, such as T2DM, CVD, cardiac diseases and CKD. The review will not discuss NAFLD treatments as these are discussed elsewhere in this issue of the Journal. For this review, PubMed was searched for articles using the keywords "non-alcoholic fatty liver disease" or "fatty liver" combined with "diabetes", "cardiovascular (or cardiac) disease", "cardiovascular mortality" or "chronic kidney disease" between 1990 and 2014. Articles published in languages other than English were excluded.

Subfields: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Epidemiology, Hepatology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3b3a2525d1156637f346ce8c9428ac9a23afbd8a

How researchers see this paper

The researchers whose trusted networks rank it highest, strongest advocate first. Every researcher gets a different order.

In Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism

1. Z. Younossi
2. G. Targher
3. M. Rinella
4. R. Loomba
5. Christopher D. Byrne
6. K. Cusi
7. A. Lonardo
8. A. Sanyal

In Epidemiology

1. Z. Younossi
2. M. Rinella
3. G. Targher
4. K. Cusi
5. A. Sanyal
6. Christopher D. Byrne
7. R. Loomba
8. E. Brunt

In Hepatology

1. Z. Younossi
2. M. Rinella
3. R. Loomba
4. K. Cusi
5. G. Targher
6. A. Sanyal
7. Christopher D. Byrne
8. E. Brunt

Citations in the corpus

• Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and risk of incident cardiovascular disease: A meta-analysis. (2016, background): “, NASH with varying amounts of fibrosis), exacerbates hepatic/peripheral insulin resistance, predisposes to atherogenic dyslipidemia and releases a variety of proinflammatory, vasoactive and thrombogenic factors that may promote the development of CVD [3–6,10].”
• Modeling the epidemic of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease demonstrates an exponential increase in burden of disease (2017, background): “A range of estimates has been reported for excess mortality among NAFLD cases, with some studies demonstrating little increase and others suggesting significantly elevated cardiovascular mortality.((29-31)) A standard mortality ratio of 1.”
• The diagnosis and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Practice guidance from the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (2018, background): “Although NAFLD is highly associated with components of MetS, the presence of increasing an number of metabolic diseases, such as IR, type 2 diabetes, hypertension dyslipidemia, and visceral obesity, seems to increase the risk of progressive liver disease.((16,18,41)) Therefore, patients with NAFLD a”
• Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): a review of pathophysiology, clinical management and effects of weight loss (2022, background): “stated there are over 20 published studies, both prospective and retrospective, that have studied the relationship between NAFLD and cardiovascular disease and concluded that CVD is a clear and present threat [15], which continues to be confirmed in on-going studies [22].”
• Hypertension, diabetes, atherosclerosis and NASH: Cause or consequence? (2018, background): “Substantial evidence also indicates that people with T2DM are at high risk of developing NASH, and a twofold to fourfold higher risk of developing serious liver-related complications (cirrhosis, liver failure and HCC).(1,4,59,60) Notably, in dual biopsy studies the development of incident T2DM was t”