Release from foliar and floral fungal pathogen species does not explain the geographic spread of naturalized North American plants in Europe

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Climate Change, Aboveground-Belowground Interactions, and Species' Range Shifts (2012, background): “For example , in a chronosequence representing over 50 years of Alliaria petiolata introduction to North America, phytotoxin production decreased as the time since introduction introduction increased (Lankau et al. 2009).”
Pathogen accumulation and long‐term dynamics of plant invasions (2013, background): “…invasions, there is perhaps the greatest empirical support for the release of invasive species from natural enemies when they are introduced into a new range, which then gain a competitive advantage over resident species (but see van Kleunen & Fischer 2009; Chun, van Kleunen & Dawson 2010).”
Plant invasions and the niche (2009, unknown): “Enemy escape Native populations are depressed by pathogens and herbivores that do not prey on the invader Keane & Crawley (2002)†; Mitchell & Power (2003)*; although see Van Kleunen & Fischer (2009)”