Chitin Extraction from Crustacean Shells Using Biological Methods – A Review
By W. Arbia, L. Arbia, L. Adour, A. Amrane. 2013
397 citations recorded by the source corpus.
Summary After cellulose, chitin is the most widespread biopolymer in nature. Chitin and its derivatives have great economic value because of their biological activities and their industrial and biomedical applications. It can be extracted from three sources, namely crustaceans, insects and microorganisms. However, the main commercial sources of chitin are shells of crustaceans such as shrimps, crabs, lobsters and krill that are supplied in large quantities by the shellfish processing industries. Extraction of chitin involves two steps, demineralisation and deproteinisation, which can be conducted by two methods, chemical or biological. The chemical method requires the use of acids and bases, while the biological method involves microorganisms. Although lactic acid bacteria are mainly applied, other microbial species including proteolytic bacteria have also been successfully implemented, as well as mixed cultures involving lactic acid-producing bacteria and proteolytic microorganisms. The produced lactic acid allows shell demineralisation, since lactic acid reacts with calcium carbonate, the main mineral component, to form calcium lactate.
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Citations in the corpus
- Seafood waste: a source for preparation of commercially employable chitin/chitosan materials (2019, methodology): “Microbial strains can be selected by fermentation which can be single-stage, two-stage, successive fermentation or co-fermentation (Arbia et al. 2013).”
- Preparation and application of chitin and its derivatives: a review (2014, background): “It is obtained at a relatively low price from these organic resources especially shells of selfish (mainly shrimps, lobsters, crabs and krill) and waste of sea food processing industries [2].”
- Modification of Chitosan for the Generation of Functional Derivatives (2019, background): “Furthermore, biological treatments offer an alternative to such hard chemical reactions: lactic acid bacteria and bacterial protease can be used to remove proteins and deacetylation can also be performed with enzymes [32,33].”
- Chitin and Chitosan Preparation from Marine Sources. Structure, Properties and Applications (2015, background): “Recently, two reviews have reported the most common biological methods used for chitin extraction [51,52], i.”
- Sequential Extraction and Characterisation of Lipids, Proteins, and Chitin from Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae, Prepupae, and Pupae (2020, background): “This crustacean waste is, however, subject to variation since the amount of chitin as well as its physicochemical characteristics vary between crustacean species [24, 25], while such variation in raw material is generally not desired by industry.”