Impact of a Spectral Gravity Wave Parameterization on the Stratosphere in the Met Office Unified Model

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Improved Middle Atmosphere Climate and Forecasts in the ECMWF Model through a Nonorographic Gravity Wave Drag Parameterization (2010, methodology): “…etsoc.org/jcli/article-pdf/23/22/5905/3971979/2010jcli3490_1.pdf by guest on 20 Septem ber 2020 Other studies such as Manzini et al. (1997), Scaife et al. (2000, 2002), and Scinocca et al. (2008) similarly showed an improvement in the representation of tropical variability via the…”
Climate change projections and stratosphere–troposphere interaction (2012, methodology): “Physical parametrizations are similar in the models but extended model 1 incorporates a shorter timestep and additional gravity wave drag to obtain realistic simulations of the stratosphere (Scaife et al. 2002).”
A comparison between gravity wave momentum fluxes in observations and climate models (2013, methodology): “We do not show the zonal wind and temperature climatologies of these models in this paper, since they appear in papers by the respective modeling groups (e.g., Giorgetta et al. 2006; Scaife et al. 2002; Geller et al. 2011; Watanabe et al. 2008).”
Using Satellite Observations to Constrain Parameterizations of Gravity Wave Effects for Global Models (2006, background): “Gravity waves are now known to also influence the stratospheric circulation in the spring and summer seasons (Alexander and Rosenlof 1996; Scaife et al. 2002 ) and in the tropical lower stratosphere (Dunkerton 1997; Giorgetta et al. 2002).”