Observation of the fractional quantum Hall effect in graphene
By K. Bolotin, F. Ghahari, Michael D. Shulman, Horst L. Stormer, Philip Kim. Nature, 2009
894 citations recorded by the source corpus.
When electrons are confined in two dimensions and subject to strong magnetic fields, the Coulomb interactions between them can become very strong, leading to the formation of correlated states of matter, such as the fractional quantum Hall liquid. In this strong quantum regime, electrons and magnetic flux quanta bind to form complex composite quasiparticles with fractional electronic charge; these are manifest in transport measurements of the Hall conductivity as rational fractions of the elementary conductance quantum. The experimental discovery of an anomalous integer quantum Hall effect in graphene has enabled the study of a correlated two-dimensional electronic system, in which the interacting electrons behave like massless chiral fermions. However, owing to the prevailing disorder, graphene has so far exhibited only weak signatures of correlated electron phenomena, despite intense experimental and theoretical efforts. Here we report the observation of the fractional quantum Hall effect in ultraclean, suspended graphene. In addition, we show that at low carrier density graphene becomes an insulator with a magnetic-field-tunable energy gap. These newly discovered quantum states offer the opportunity to study correlated Dirac fermions in graphene in the presence of large magnetic fields.
Subfields: Artificial Intelligence, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Materials Chemistry
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/36e6aa5ae7b87adc185f269fe57e568a5491c5d1
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In Artificial Intelligence
In Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
In Materials Chemistry
- Takashi Taniguchi
- Kenji Watanabe
- E. Rossi
- E. Hwang
- S. Adam
- N. M. R. Peres
- P. Jarillo-Herrero
- M. Goerbig
Citations in the corpus
- STM Spectroscopy of ultra-flat graphene on hexagonal boron nitride (2011, background): “One possibility to get rid of substrate interactions is to suspend graphene[6, 7], as shown by the drastic improvement in mobility which has enabled the observation of the fractional quantum Hall effect in suspended devices[14, 15].”
- Magical Allotropes of Carbon: Prospects and Applications (2016, methodology): “It is considered a combined state in which electrons handle magnetic flux lines.(222,223) As a result, new quasiparticles and excitation are generated that have a fractional elementary charge and statistics.”
- Electronic transport in two-dimensional graphene (2010, background): “be achieved in suspended samples and in these suspended samples two groups (Bolotin et al., 2009; Du et al., 2009) have recently observed signatures of the ν = 1/3 fractional quantum Hall state in two-terminal measurements, see Fig.”
- Magnetic Catalysis: A Review (2012, background): “It was observed experimentally [186, 120, 37, 22] that there appear additional plateaus in the Hall conductivity when graphene is placed in a very strong magnetic field.”
- Controlled synthesis of single-crystal SnSe nanoplates (2015, background): “Graphene is the most widely studied 2D material due to its prominent electrical properties such as high carrier mobility and the fractional quantum Hall effect [2, 8].”
- Scanning tunnelling microscopy and spectroscopy of ultra-flat graphene on hexagonal boron nitride. (2011, background): “One possibility to get rid of substrate interactions is to suspend graphene[6, 7], as shown by the drastic improvement in mobility which has enabled the observation of the fractional quantum Hall effect in suspended devices[14, 15].”