Self-Organized Fish Schools: An Examination of Emergent Properties

By J. Parrish, Steven V. Viscido, Daniel Grünbaum. The Biological Bulletin, 2002

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Heterogeneous, “aggregated” patterns in the spatial distributions of individuals are almost universal across living organisms, from bacteria to higher vertebrates. Whereas specific features of aggregations are often visually striking to human eyes, a heuristic analysis based on human vision is usually not sufficient to answer fundamental questions about how and why organisms aggregate. What are the individual-level behavioral traits that give rise to these features? When qualitatively similar spatial patterns arise from purely physical mechanisms, are these patterns in organisms biologically significant, or are they simply epiphenomena that are likely characteristics of any set of interacting autonomous individuals? If specific features of spatial aggregations do confer advantages or disadvantages in the fitness of group members, how has evolution operated to shape individual behavior in balancing costs and benefits at the individual and group levels? Mathematical models of social behaviors such as schooling in fishes provide a promising avenue to address some of these questions. However, the literature on schooling models has lacked a common framework to objectively and quantitatively characterize relationships between individual-level behaviors and group-level patterns. In this paper, we briefly survey similarities and differences in behavioral algorithms and aggregation statistics among existing schooling models. We present preliminary results of our efforts to develop a modeling framework that synthesizes much of this previous work, and to identify relationships between behavioral parameters and group-level statistics.

Subfields: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Genetics, Sociology and Political Science

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/367639f05f88b2deb8b3c2bed41958da62d705be

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Citations in the corpus

State Transitions and the Continuum Limit for a 2D Interacting, Self-Propelled Particle System (2006, background): “1 Introduction The collective behaviors of aggregating organisms are of interest in various fields, including biology, engineering, mathematics, and physics [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9].”
Emergence of time-asymptotic flocking in a stochastic Cucker-Smale system (2009, background): “Flocking phenomena are ubiquitous in many biological and physical systems such as bacteria, bees, flies, birds, fish, humans, and interacting oscillators, to name a few [1, 4, 5, 6, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19].”
A simple proof of the Cucker-Smale flocking dynamics and mean-field limit (2009, background): “Introduction Collective self-driven synchronized motion of autonomous agents appears in many applications ranging from animal herding to the emergence of common languages in primitive societies [1, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 16, 18, 19, 20, 2, 3].”
A New Model for Self-organized Dynamics and Its Flocking Behavior (2011, background): “Conclusion There is a large number of models for self-organized dynamics [1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 13, 12, 17, 19, 20, 22, 21, 26, 25, 27].”
Group movement decisions in capuchin monkeys: The utility of an experimental study and a mathematical model to explore the relationship between individual and collective behaviours (2007, background): “Observational and empirical evidence shows that animal groups move across the landscape quite cohesively (Stewart & Harcourt, 1994; Boinski & Campbell, 1995; Boinski, 1996, 2000; Byrne, 2000; Parrish et al., 2002; Conradt & Roper, 2003), which strongly suggests that a collective decision has been ta”
Cucker–Smale Flocking under Hierarchical Leadership (2006, background): “[15] also provides a comprehensive comparison among some major existing models and their governing variables (in the context of fish schooling).”
Formations of vehicles in cyclic pursuit (2004, methodology): “The current research is further motivated by the prevalenceofsimilardistributedcontrol algorithmsfound in nature [4], [30].”
Self-organized aggregation in cockroaches (2005, background): “The most common collective behaviour among living organisms is probably grouping, which occurs in a wide range of taxa, including bacteria, arthropods, fish, birds and mammals (Parrish & Hamner 1997; Parrish & Edelstein-Keshet 1999; Parrish et al. 2002).”
Motion Coordination with Distributed Information (2007, positive): “These remarkable dynamic capabilities are achieved apparently without following a group leader; see [2, 3 , 5, 6, 7, 8, 9] for specic examples of animal species and [10, 11] for general studies.”