Epidemiology and outcomes of ventilator-associated pneumonia in a large US database.

By J. Rello, D. Ollendorf, G. Oster, M. Vera‐Llonch, L. Bellm, Rebecca Redman, Marin Kollef. Chest, 2002

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International ERS/ESICM/ESCMID/ALAT guidelines for the management of hospital-acquired pneumonia and ventilator-associated pneumonia (2017, background): “Worse outcomes have been consistently reported over the years (6,7,8), and mean hospital charges per VAP patient have increased by approximately 40,000 US$ (7,8) In a systematic review of economic analyses of health-care associated infections the mean attributable cost of VAP was 9969 $ ( 9).”
Costs associated with delirium in mechanically ventilated patients* (2004, background): “Some of the costs of critical care are due to complications such as ventilator-associated pneumonia (13, 14) and catheter-related bloodstream infection (15).”
Clinical and economic consequences of ventilator-associated pneumonia: A systematic review (2005, background): “Although no statistically significant heterogeneity was found, only three studies provided sufficient data to calculate a pooled LOS (42, 45, 117).”
The Epidemiology, Pathogenesis and Treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections (2012, background): “aeruginosa are not only common,[3,4] but they tomy.[3,14,15] In paediatric ICUs, P.”
Guidelines for the management of adults with hospital-acquired, ventilator-associated, and healthcare-associated pneumonia. (2008, background): “VAP occurs in 9–27% of all intubated patients (9, 11).”