Aeration of corals by sleep‐swimming fish

By Rotem Goldshmid, R. Holzman, D. Weihs, Amatzia Genin. 2004

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Organic matter release by Red Sea coral reef organisms-Potential effects on microbial activity and in situ O2 availability (2010, background): “In contrast, the mutualistic relationship between branching corals and sleep-swimming fish helps to aerate the colony, thus preventing hypoxia (Goldshmid et al. 2004).”
Symbiotic crabs maintain coral health by clearing sediments (2006, background): “…and shrimp) can provide nutrients to hosts (Meyer and Schultz 1985; Liberman et al. 1995; Spotte 1996; Mokady et al. 1998), aerate corals with their swimming (Goldshmid et al. 2004), and increase growth rates and asexual reproduction of hosts (Schmitt and Holbrook 2003; Holbrook and Schmitt 2005).”
Effects of sheltering fish on growth of their host corals (2008, background): “When associated with branching corals, these species can form mutualisms that confer important beneWts to the coral, including provision of nutrients (Meyer and Schultz 1985a; Mokady et al. 1998), removal of sediment (Stewart et al. 2006), protection from predators (Pratchett et al. 2000; Pratchett ”
Is Sleep Essential? (2008, background): “Yet, the fish at night loses the ability to respond to predators [25], and mortality due to predators’ attacks is much higher at”