Hard won and easily lost: A review and synthesis of theory and research on precarious manhood.

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Is Man the Measure of All Things? A Social Cognitive Account of Androcentrism (2018, background): “Cross-disciplinary research suggests that men’s socially acknowledged position as men is more “precarious” than women’s standing as women (Gilmore, 1990; Pleck, 1995; Vandello & Bosson, 2013).”
Why Is Fraternity Membership Associated With Sexual Assault? Exploring the Roles of Conformity to Masculine Norms, Pressure to Uphold Masculinity, and Objectification of Women (2018, methodology): “Because masculinity is a status that men prove to other men, simply being in an all-male group may exacerbate pressure to uphold masculinity (Vandello & Bosson, 2013).”
Toxic Mask-ulinity: The Link between Masculine Toughness and Affective Reactions to Mask Wearing in the COVID-19 Era (2020, background): “Arguably, this stems from social pressures for men to adopt masculine norms such as toughness (Morrissey 2008; Vandello and Bosson 2013), which are regularly influenced by agents of socialization including the family, peer groups, and school environment.”
The gender role strain paradigm and masculinity ideologies. (2016, neutral): “More recently, Vandello and Bosson (2013) provided a detailed discussion of their experimental social psychological research program on “precarious man-hood” that also retains the contingent and Copyright Ame rican Psychological Association .”