A Multifaceted Climatology of Atmospheric Blocking and Its Recent Linear Trend

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A methodology for the comparison of blocking climatologies across indices, models and climate scenarios (2012, unknown): “…identify blocking events by searching for the large anticyclonic anomalies (Dole and Gordon 1983; Schwierz et al. 2004; Ioannidou and Yau 2008; Croci-Maspoli et al. 2007), others use a reversal of the mean flow to signify a block (Tibaldi and Molteni 1990; Pelly and Hoskins 2003; Barriopedro…”
Blocking precursors to stratospheric sudden warming events (2009, methodology): “For instance, in an early study, Julian and Labitzke [1965] found that high latitude tropospheric blocking preceded the January 1963 warming event by some 5 to 10 days, and that the block persisted beyond the breakdown of the stratospheric vortex [see also Labitzke, 1965].”
Wave‐breaking characteristics of midlatitude blocking (2012, background): “Rennert and Wallace found that the negative polarity of the North Atlantic Oscillation with above-normal heights over Greenland was indeed associated with enhanced M variability over Greenland.”
The relationship of winter season North Atlantic blocking frequencies to extreme cold or dry spells in the ERA-40 (2011, background): “Barriopedro et al. (2006) and Croci-Maspoli et al. (2007) showed that blocking events in the North Atlantic region decrease in frequency and their life time is reduced for the reanalysis period 1958–2001.”