Soft-output sphere decoding: algorithms and VLSI implementation

By Christoph Studer, Andreas Peter Burg, Helmut Bölcskei. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 2008

397 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) detection algorithms providing soft information for a subsequent channel decoder pose significant implementation challenges due to their high computational complexity. In this paper, we show how sphere decoding can be used as an efficient tool to implement soft-output MIMO detection with flexible trade-offs between computational complexity and (error rate) performance. In particular, we provide VLSI implementation results which demonstrate that single tree-search, sorted QR-decomposition, channel matrix regularization, log-likelihood ratio clipping, and imposing runtime constraints are the key ingredients for realizing soft-output MIMO detectors with near max-log performance at a chip area that is only 58% higher than that of the best-known hard-output sphere decoder VLSI implementation.

Subfields: Artificial Intelligence, Computer Networks and Communications, Electrical and Electronic Engineering

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/316786bec7ba23f10c083848b015a7cda3e8c0bb

How researchers see this paper

The researchers whose trusted networks rank it highest, strongest advocate first. Every researcher gets a different order.

In Artificial Intelligence

In Computer Networks and Communications

In Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Citations in the corpus

MIMO transmission with residual transmit-RF impairments (2010, background): “Note that computation of (9) essentially corresponds to solving multiple constrained ML detection problems (8), e.g., [20].”
Large-Scale MIMO Detection for 3GPP LTE: Algorithms and FPGA Implementations (2014, background): “tion [13]–[15] or soft-output sphere decoding (SD) [16]–[18],”
Fifty Years of MIMO Detection: The Road to Large-Scale MIMOs (2015, background): “iterative receiver [65], [73], [74], [81], [524], [562], the PDA”
ASIC Implementation of Soft-Input Soft-Output MIMO Detection Using MMSE Parallel Interference Cancellation (2011, background): “Since hard-output SD roughly requires one magnitude lower complexity than soft-output SD [37], we assume [7] to visit a maximum of 10 nodes per decoded vector.”