Plasticity of Foxp3(+) T cells reflects promiscuous Foxp3 expression in conventional T cells but not reprogramming of regulatory T cells.

By Takahisa Miyao, S. Floess, Ruka Setoguchi, H. Luche, H. Fehling, H. Waldmann, J. Huehn, S. Hori. Immunity, 2012

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Neuropilin 1 is expressed on thymus-derived natural regulatory T cells, but not mucosa-generated induced Foxp3+ T reg cells (2012, background): “In that sense, Nrp1 may compare favorably with a population of CD25 high cells shown to also be highly stable (Komatsu et al., 2009; Miyao et al., 2012).”
Development and maintenance of regulatory T cells. (2013, background): “In contrast, T cells possessing Foxp3 expression but not the Treg-cell-type DNA hypomethylation pattern fail to exhibit sufficient Treg cell suppressive activity and instead secrete effector cytokines upon loss of Foxp3 expression (Miyao et al., 2012; Miyara et al., 2009; Ohkura et al., 2012).”
Neuropilin-1 distinguishes natural and inducible regulatory T cells among regulatory T cell subsets in vivo (2012, result): “By comparison, a study by Miyao et al. (2012) showed that iT reg cells once stabilized in vivo display demethylated TSDR. iT reg cells can suppress ongoing autoimmune response Despite the presence of Foxp3+ iT reg cells in the periphery of 1B3.”
T cell receptor stimulation-induced epigenetic changes and Foxp3 expression are independent and complementary events required for Treg cell development. (2012, background): “In addition, several groups (Miyao et al., 2012; Yang et al., 2008) have reported that newly developed Foxp3+ thymocytes contain unstable cells that exhibit transient Foxp3 expression and give rise to exFoxp3 (or exTreg) cells.”