On the Robustness of Outcome Bias: No Constraint by Prior Culpability

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Nameless + harmless = blameless: When seemingly irrelevant factors influence judgment of (un)ethical behavior (2010, background): “Contrary to these rational prescriptions, previous research has shown that people exhibit an outcome bias: they judge the quality of decisions and the competence of decision-makers based on the outcomes of their decisions (Allison, Mackie, & Messick, 1996; Baron & Hershey, 1988; Marshall & Mowen, 19”
Deconstructing intent to reconstruct morality (2015, background): “First, a person is held to be punishable and blameworthy largely to the extent that they are causally responsible for a harm [32–34]; second, the magnitude of punishment and blame typically scales with the degree of harm caused [35,36].”
No Harm, No Foul: The Outcome Bias in Ethical Judgments (2009, unknown): “Related research by Mazzocco et al. (2004) demonstrated that even in the case of extremely low prior negligence on the part of the actor being evaluated, outcome effects on blame and sentencing recommendations still persevere.”