Listeners' uses of um and uh in speech comprehension.

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The role of fillers in listener attributions for speaker disfluency (2010, background): “Hearing a disfluency can help listeners avoid integrating potentially erroneous material into an ongoing parse (Brennan & Schober, 2001; Fox Tree, 2001) or can relax contextually driven expectations about upcoming words (Corley, MacGregor, & Donaldson, 2007).”
Disfluencies affect the parsing of garden-path sentences (2003, unknown): “It has been reported that the prosody of an utterance remains intact after a disfluency is digitally removed (Fox Tree, 1995; Fox Tree, 2001; Levelt, 1984).”
Fluency in Second Language Testing: Insights From Different Disciplines (2018, background): “Summarizing such research, listeners raise their attention upon hearing disfluencies (Collard, Corley, MacGregor, & Donaldson, 2008) and subsequently anticipate complex syntax (Brennan & Schober, 2001; Fox Tree, 2001), low-probable words (Corley, Macgregor, & Donaldson, 2007), discourse-new rather t”
Using uh and um in spontaneous speaking. (2002, background): “In one study (Fox Tree, 2001), listeners had to identify words from recordings of speech with spontaneous uhs either present or removed.”