Causality Between Energy and Output in the Long-Run

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The energy-growth nexus in Thailand: Does trade openness boost up energy consumption? (2015, background): “Stern and Enflo, [42] used Swedish time series data over the period of 1850-2000 to probe the relationship between economic growth and energy consumption by using production and energy demand functions.”
Does financial development intensify energy consumption in Saudi Arabia (2017, background): “Over the past decades, the relationship between economic growth and energy consumption has been a topic of academic interest among energy economists, environmental scientists and policy makers in the energy-growth literature (Masih and Masih, 1996, 1998; Mazumder and Marathe, 2007; Karanfil, 2008; O”
CO2 emissions, energy consumption and economic growth nexus in MENA countries: Evidence from simultaneous equations models (2013, unknown): “This implies that an increase in economic growth tends to more energy consumption (Ang, 2008; Shahbaz et al., 2012; Islam et al., 2013; Stern and Enflo, 2013).”
Is There Really Granger Causality between Energy Use and Output? (2014, methodology): “…observations (Granger, 1988), errors in measurement—including measuring energy using heat equivalents rather than quality-adjusted measures (Stern and Enﬂo, 2013), non-linearity of the energy-output relationship (Stern and Enﬂo, 2013; Sugihara et al., 2012), and other model…”