How to do more things with ‘If’

By K. Manktelow. 2006

451 citations recorded by the source corpus.

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Citations in the corpus

Counterfactuals in Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI): Evidence from Human Reasoning (2019, background): “People use counterfactuals often in daily life and they create alternatives to reality guided by rational principles [Byrne, 2005].”
The psychology of moral reasoning (2008, background): “Many of their modiﬁcations resembled those that individuals make in thinking about counterfactual situations (Byrne, 2005).”
Causal superseding. (2015, background): “First, studies show that likelihood judgments play a role in people's intuitions about which counterfactuals are relevant and which are not (Byrne, 2005; Kahneman & Tversky, 1982).”
Mental models and human reasoning (2010, unknown): “Conditional assertions vary in their meaning,* in part because they can refer to situations that did not occur (65), and so it would be risky to base all claims about illusory inferences on”
Implications of Counterfactual Structure for Creative Generation and Analytical Problem Solving (2007, background): “Byrne (2005), for example, contends that the ability to think about counterfactual possibilities is essential for the appreciation of fiction and art and for the suspension of disbelief in general. Counterfactuals play an essential role in children’s play (Harris, 2000), and Byrne posits that moment”
Counterfactual and semi-factual thoughts in moral judgements about failed attempts to harm (2017, background): “Their counterfactual thoughts help to identify causal relations (e.g., Byrne, 2005; Frosch & Byrne, 2012; Lagnado, Gerstenberg, & Zultan, 2013).”
The functional theory of counterfactual thinking : New evidence, new challenges, new insights (2017, background): “Counterfactual thinking refers to thoughts about what might have been, of how the past might have been different had some or another aspect been different (Byrne, 2005, 2016; Kahneman & Miller, 1986; Miller, Turnbull, & McFarland, 1990; Roese, 1997).”
Causal Reasoning and Large Language Models: Opening a New Frontier for Causality (2023, background): “Counterfactual reasoning is the process of considering hypothetical situations or alternate realities by altering spe-ciﬁc elements or conditions of an actual event or situation (Kahneman & Miller, 1986; Byrne, 2005).”
Spontaneous counterfactual thoughts and causal explanations (2006, background): “It has been implicated in a range of important psychological processes, including reasoning (e.g., Byrne, 1997, 2005), creativity (e.g., Hofstadter, 1985), social judgements (e.g., Macrae & Milne, 1992), emotions such as guilt and regret (e.g., Byrne &McEleney, 2000), and reactions to traumatic…”
Learning from yesterday's mistakes to fix tomorrow's problems: When functional counterfactual thinking and psychological distance collide (2012, unknown): “反実仮想：一種のメンタルシミュレーション(Byrne, 2005; Roese, 1997) 「if」が特定の行動、「then」が想像される結果：if-thenの形新しい行動を実行したり、行動を減らす状況を想像して精神的に操作（Roese＆Olson, 1993）、事実よりも良い/悪い別の結果と比べる（Markman, Gavanski, Sherman, ＆ McMullen, 1993）機能的な反実仮想は、自己規制に役立つ（Epstude＆Roese, 2008）上向きの反実仮想をすると、行動が変わり、パフォーマンスが向上する内容に中立/特有の 2つの経路を介している…”
Relating developments in children's counterfactual thinking and executive functions (2009, background): “Finally, authors studying counterfactual thinking itself have noted that executive functions such as working memory or inhibitory control are exactly the sorts of developments that could account for improvement in counterfactual thinking (e.g., Byrne, 2005; Robinson & Beck, 2000).”
The Functional Theory of Counterfactual Thinking (2008, background): “Counterfactual thoughts are mental representations of alternatives to past events, actions, or states (Byrne, 2005; Roese, 1997).”
On Conditionals (2015, background): “As another example consider the Forest Fire scenario taken from [4]: Lightning (`) causes a forest fire (f ) if nothing abnormal is taking place, lightning happened, the absence of dry leaves is an abnormality, and dry leaves (d) are present.”
Distinguishing the reflective, algorithmic, and autonomous minds: Is it time for a tri-process theory? (2008, background): “One answer is that they come from a process of cognitive simulation (e.g. Buckner and Carroll, 2007; Byrne, 2005; Kahneman and Tversky, 1982b; Nichols and Stich, 2003; Oatley, 1999).”
Mental models and cognitive change (2013, methodology): “According to the model theory, we draw a conclusion of necessity, probability, or possibility, depending on whether a conclusion holds in all, most, or some of the models of the premises (Byrne, 2005; Johnson-Laird, 2006).”
Counterfactual Explanations for Machine Learning: A Review (2020, background): “Psychologists have demonstrated that counterfactuals elicit causal reasoning in humans [20, 21, 62].”