Modeling Hail Ice Impacts and Predicting Impact Damage Initiation in Composite Structures

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On erosion issues associated with the leading edge of wind turbine blades (2013, methodology): “Similarly Kim and Kedward [73] also utilized an ice cannon when conducting hailstone impact research, the results of which were also used to validate a proposed numerical ice material model.”
High strain-rate behavior of ice under uniaxial compression (2009, unknown): “Besides providing fundamental information on how the dynamic compressive strength of ice varies with the loading rate, the data from the present study can be used to validate and/or develop new material models for ice impact analyses, for example, understanding the severity of ice impacts on aero-fr”
A phenomenological high strain rate model with failure for ice (2006, methodology): “Although ice has been studied extensively, e.g., Schulson (2001), only a very few eﬀorts have been made to model it numerically at high strain rates (Kim and Kedward, 2000; Kim et al., 2003).”
Understanding Hail in the Earth System (2020, background): “For ice, the material strength is governed by the temperature at which the ice grains developed, their size, and the rate in which strain is applied (Kim & Kedward, 2000; Schulson & Duval, 2009; Silva, 2011; Swift, 2013).”
Experimental investigation of high velocity ice impacts on woven carbon/epoxy composite panels (2003, methodology): “Such data would be especially useful in the numerical simulation of hail ice impacts [14].”