The elusive copepods: their production and suitability in marine aquaculture

By Josianne Støttrup. 2000

272 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Despite the fact that the suitability of copepods as live prey for marine fish larvae is now well established, their use in aquaculture remains sporadic. Although of lower nutritional value, the relative ease of production of rotifers (Brachionus spp.) and Artemia nauplii continues to ensure their predominance. Studies in the literature have highlighted differences in the levels and ratios of fatty acids, lipid classes and pigments between copepods and traditional live prey. Such differences may have important consequences for fish larval nutrition. The consequences of poor nutrition during fish larval development may be obvious, for example deformities or malpigmentation, but in many cases may be obscure, as in affects on temperature tolerance or growth during later life stages. In some aquaculture systems, copepods are cultured in large quantities in outdoor, extensive or semi-intensive units. Intensive-rearing systems for copepods require further development. However, it is now established that intensive rearing on monoalgal diets does not result in severe deterioration of the nutritional value of the copepods, at least in terms of their highly unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA) content. In some cases, the provision of copepods for a short period of time during the larval stage is sufficient to ensure normal development. However, it remains to be demonstrated that the extra costs involved result in increased profits as a result of higher percentages of normally pigmented juvenile fish, improved growth and survival and reduced incidence of disease. This paper reviews the advances in production systems for copepods, their nutritional value as live prey for fish and their present and potential use in aquaculture.

Subfields: Aquatic Science, Immunology, Physiology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2c6e6188c865d4b327638815f58032c5f1bf1c1c

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Citations in the corpus

The effects of algal diets on population growth and egg hatching success of the tropical calanoid copepod, Acartia sinjiensis (2007, background): “main live prey currently widely used in aquaculture hatcheries (Stottrup, 2000; Lee, 2003).”
Effects of temperature on reproduction and survival of the calanoid copepod Pseudodiaptomus pelagicus (2009, background): “…or in combination with other live organisms has repeatedly demonstrated superior results in terms of growth, survival, and the overall health of larval fish (Kraul et al., 1992; 1993; Shields et al., 1999; Gardner, 2000; Payne et al., 2001; Støttrup, 2000; Støttrup, 2003;Wilcox et al., 2006).”
A review of the use of copepods in marine fish larviculture (2011, background): “numerous conferences, conference sessions and workshops dedicated to discussions of copepod culture and the important role that copepods can play as feeds for marine fish larviculture (Bell et al. 1997; Støttrup 2000; Kleppel and Hazzard 2002; Lee et al. 2005).”
Copepods in Aquaculture (2005, background): “…has been limited to only a few species, it is difficult to make informed choices about the best candidates for aquaculture because, as noted by Støttrup (2000), “A basic knowledge of physiological processes and population dynamics of a species is a prerequisite for the development of rearing…”
The effects of temperature and salinity on egg production and hatching success of Baltic Acartia tonsa (Copepoda: Calanoida): a laboratory investigation (2006, background): “laboratory culture (Støttrup 2000) and hence it is one of the most intensively studied calanoid species (Mauchline 1998).”
Live food production in Japan: recent progress and future aspects (2001, unknown): “Støttrup and Norsker, 1997; Støttrup, 2000 .”
Suitability of the copepod, Acartia clausi as a live feed for Seabass larvae (Lates calcarifer bloch) : Compared to traditional live-food organisms with special emphasis on the nutritional value (2006, background): “Thus, it is essential to enrich these live feeds with essential fatty acids before offering them to the larvae (Sargent et al., 1997; Stottrup, 2000; Olivotto et al., 2006).”
Effects of salinity, photoperiod and adult stocking density on egg production and egg hatching success in Acartia tonsa (Calanoida: Copepoda) : Optimizing intensive cultures (2006, background): “It is easily maintained in culture (Støttrup, 2000) and hence is among the most intensively studied copepod species.”
Bioconversion of fatty acids at the basis of marine food webs: insights from a compound-specific stable isotope analysis (2012, background): “Nature 427: 69−72 Nanton DA, Castell JD (1998) The effects of dietary fatty acids on the fatty acid composition of the harpacticoid copepod, Tisbe sp., for use as a live food for marine fish larvae.”