Cancer Disparities by Race/Ethnicity and Socioeconomic Status
By Elizabeth E. Ward, A. Jemal, V. Cokkinides, Gopal K. Singh, C. Cardinez, Asma Ghafoor, M. Thun. Ca, 2004
1,813 citations recorded by the source corpus.
This article highlights disparities in cancer incidence, mortality, and survival in relation to race/ethnicity, and census data on poverty in the county or census tract of residence. The incidence and survival data derive from the National Cancer Institute's (NCI) Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program; mortality data are from the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS); data on the prevalence of major cancer risk factors and cancer screening are from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) conducted by NCHS. For all cancer sites combined, residents of poorer counties (those with greater than or equal to 20% of the population below the poverty line) have 13% higher death rates from cancer in men and 3% higher rates in women compared with more affluent counties (less than 10% below the poverty line). Differences in cancer survival account for part of this disparity. Among both men and women, five‐year survival for all cancers combined is 10 percentage points lower among persons who live in poorer than in more affluent census tracts. Even when census tract poverty rate is accounted for, however, African American, American Indian/Alaskan Native, and Asian/Pacific Islander men and African American and American Indian/Alaskan Native women have lower five‐year survival than non‐Hispanic Whites. More detailed analyses of selected cancers show large variations in cancer survival by race and ethnicity. Opportunities to reduce cancer disparities exist in prevention (reductions in tobacco use, physical inactivity, and obesity), early detection (mammography, colorectal screening, Pap tests), treatment, and palliative care.
Subfields: Oncology, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2c61b647a69467643107750a23a34c56c0dc35d1
How researchers see this paper
The researchers whose trusted networks rank it highest, strongest advocate first. Every researcher gets a different order.
In Oncology
In Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Citations in the corpus
- Cancer Statistics, 2005 (2005, background): “Stomach and liver cancer incidence and death rates are more than twice as high in Asian/Pacific Islanders than in Whites, reflecting increased exposure to infectious agents such as H pylori and hepatitis C virus.(15) Historical information to adjust for delays in reporting is not available for all r”
- Cancer statistics, 2018 (2018, background): “Cancer occurrence and outcomes vary considerably between racial and ethnic groups, largely because of inequalities in wealth that lead to differences in risk factor exposures and barriers to high-quality cancer prevention, early detection, and treatment.(65,66) Cancer incidence and mortality are gen”
- Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, 1975–2001, with a special feature regarding survival (2004, background): “Socioeconomic differences undoubtedly play a role; members of most racial and ethnic minorities are more likely to be poor, to have a lower level of income, and to lack health insurance compared with non-Hispanic white populations.(29) Historically, the prevalence of screening for breast, colorectal”
- Spontaneous preterm delivery in primiparous women at low risk in Denmark: population based study (2006, background): “This is probably attributable to a combination of factors, including persistent financial barriers (22), difficulty in accessing facilities that perform mammography, and multiple personal and cultural reasons for choosing not to undergo screening (43–47).”
- Exploring Willingness to Participate in Clinical Trials by Ethnicity (2017, background): “Increasing enrollment of African-American and HispanicAmerican participants in clinical trials is crucial not only for having proportionate representation in CTs but also because these populations are disproportionately affected by cancers [7, 8], and have lower cancer survival rates than their whit”
- Cancer statistics, 2014 (2014, positive): “Factors known to contribute to racial disparities vary by cancer site and include differences in exposure to underlying risk factors (eg, historical smoking prevalence for lung cancer), access to high-quality screening (breast, cervical, and colorectal cancers), and timely diagnosis and treatment.(2”
- Annual Report to the Nation on the Status of Cancer, 1975–2009, Featuring the Burden and Trends in Human Papillomavirus (HPV)–Associated Cancers and HPV Vaccination Coverage Levels (2013, background): “Both sexes 1992–1994 −3.1¶ 1994–1999 0.3 1999–2009 −0.6¶ −0.6# −0.6# Delay adjusted 1992–1994 −3.1¶ 1994–1999 0.4 1999–2005 −0.7¶ 2005–2009 0.1 −0.4 0.1 Men 1992–1995 −4.5¶ 1995–2000 0.2 2000–2009 −1.0¶ −1.0# −1.0# Delay adjusted 1992–1994 −5.6¶ 1994–2009 −0.6¶ −0.6# −0.6# Women 1992–1994 −0.4 1994–”
- Cancer statistics, 2015 (2015, neutral): “diagnosis, and optimal treatment.(54,55) Even among”
- Hospital Volume and Late Survival After Cancer Surgery (2007, methodology): “Finally, our study cannot rule out volume-related differences in socioeconomic status, a strong predictor of survival after a cancer diagnosis.(21) Although we adjusted for zip-code level measures of income and education, these measures are only proxies of the socioeconomic status of individual pati”
- Cancer statistics, 2016 (2016, background): “prevention and early detection, timely diagnosis, and optimal treatment.(60,61) Even among Medicare-insured patients,”