Insulin resistance: A metabolic pathway to chronic liver disease

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Role of Kupffer cells in host defense and liver disease (2006, background): “In line with these observations a recent study reported a high frequency of small intestinal bacterial over- growth in patients with NASH (123) suggesting that gut-derived portal endotoxin may be an important stimulus for KC activation in NAFLD.”
A position statement on NAFLD/NASH based on the EASL 2009 special conference. (2010, methodology): “Other methods are based on fasting values, mainly indicative of hepatic sensitivity, or on the dynamics of glucose and insulin in response to an oral glucose tolerance test [130,131], indicative of hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity.”
The Fatty Liver Index: a simple and accurate predictor of hepatic steatosis in the general population (2006, background): “Hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance are common in subjects with FL independently from BMI and thus are expected to be markers of FL in the general population [12].”