PD-1 and CTLA-4 combination blockade expands infiltrating T cells and reduces regulatory T and myeloid cells within B16 melanoma tumors

By M. Curran, Welby Montalvo, H. Yagita, James P. Allison. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2010

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Anti-PD-1 Antibody Therapy Potently Enhances the Eradication of Established Tumors By Gene-Modified T Cells (2013, result): “Although PD-1 blockade alone has previously been reported to decrease Treg numbers (30), our findings are consistentwith another report showing that anti-PD-1 antibody treatment did not modulate Treg cell numbers following adoptive immunotherapy (27).”
Genomic features of response to combination immunotherapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (2018, background): “, 2017) studies have identified non-redundant effects of CTLA-4 and PD-1 signaling and synergistic anti-tumor responses (Curran et al., 2010).”
Cancer immunotherapy: the beginning of the end of cancer? (2016, background): “5 months for nivolumab plus ipilimumab* [98]”
Nivolumab and Ipilimumab versus Ipilimumab in Untreated Melanoma (2015, neutral): “Progressive disease 10 (14) 15 (41) 5 (22) 7 (70)”
The Immunological Synapse (2014, background): “Thus, anti–CTLA-4 and anti–PD-1 may be complementary in the TME by offsetting any enhancement of Treg function from PD-1 with blockade by anti–CTLA-4 (99).”