Delousing of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) by cultured vs. wild ballan wrasse (Labrus bergylta)

By A. Skiftesvik, R. Bjelland, C. Durif, Inger Johansen, H. Browman. 2013

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Technological Advances that Led to Growth of Shrimp, Salmon, and Tilapia Farming (2016, background): “Commercially raised wrasses, when stocked at the rate of 5% wrasse to salmon, were efficient in controlling salmon lice to levels less than what was recommended (Skiftesvik et al., 2013).”
Production, mortality, and infectivity of planktonic larval sea lice, Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Krøyer, 1837): current knowledge and implications for epidemiological modelling (2018, background): “…few of which are effective against all stages of the parasite’s life cycle, combined with effective husbandry management tools, such as single-cohort stocking, optimized stocking densities, the use of cleaner fish in polyculture, and fallow periods (Leclercq et al., 2013; Skiftesvik et al., 2013).”
Concepts for biocontrol in marine environments: is there a way forward? (2015, unknown): “In Norwegian farms, three different species of cleaning wrasse (Labridae) are co-cultured with salmon (up to 5% of the total pen density), to remove the ecto-parasitic sea lice (Skiftesvik et al. 2013).”
Use of lumpfish for sea-lice control in salmon farming: challenges and opportunities (2018, background): “Commercial production of wrasse, particularly of ballan wrasse, has since developed (Skiftesvik et al. 2013), and improvements have been made with regard to delousing efficiency, sustainability, disease management and welfare (Helland et al.”