Low Mid-Proterozoic atmospheric oxygen levels and the delayed rise of animals

By N. Planavsky, C. Reinhard, Xiangli Wang, Danielle Thomson, P. McGoldrick, R. Rainbird, T. Johnson, Woodward W. Fischer, T. Lyons. Science, 2014

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The Ecological Physiology of Earth's Second Oxygen Revolution (2015, background): “Results from a kinetic model indicate mid-Proterozoic and early Neoproterozoic oxygen levels from 0.1% PAL to <10% PAL on the basis of soil water residence time, with the authors favoring the lower end of this range (Planavsky et al. 2014).”
How to Characterize Habitable Worlds and Signs of Life (2017, background): “Discussions about the exact levels of oxygen through geological time are ongoing (see, e.g., Holland 2006, Lyons et al 2014, Planavsky et al. 2014).”
Exoplanet Biosignatures: A Review of Remotely Detectable Signs of Life (2017, background): “However, recent geochemical evidence based on chromium isotopes suggests that Proterozoic O2 was quite low (perhaps <0.1% of PAL) (Planavsky et al., 2014b; Lyons et al., 2014), while biogeochemical modeling studies of sulfate cycling in the ancient ocean suggest that CH4 was also much lower (1–10 pp”
ABIOTIC O2 LEVELS ON PLANETS AROUND F, G, K, AND M STARS: POSSIBLE FALSE POSITIVES FOR LIFE? (2015, background): “These values have always been uncertain, however, and a recent study by Planavsky et al. (2014) suggests that midProterozoic O2 concentrations were at most 10 −3 PAL.”