Measuring personality in nonhuman animals.

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Are there differences between behavioral measurement methods? A comparison of the predictive validity of two ratings methods in a working dog program (2012, unknown): “These multiple observed behaviors can be measured using several different techniques, but the most common methods are through the use of either codings or ratings (Jones and Gosling, 2005; Vazire et al., 2007).”
How not to measure boldness: novel object and antipredator responses are not the same in wild baboons (2012, unknown): “…et al. 2005) and novel environments (Brown & Braithwaite 2004; Dingemanse et al. 2004), and by observer assessment under natural conditions (Wielebnowski 1999; Bergvall et al. 2011; Carter et al. 2012; these methods are reviewed in Gosling 2001; Vazire et al. 2007; Uher 2008a; Toms et al. 2010).”
Animal personality: what are behavioural ecologists measuring? (2013, methodology): “Currently there are three different methods used: subjective personality ratings, behavioural coding and experimentation (Jones & Gosling, 2005; Vazire et al., 2007; Uher, 2008, 2011a,b; Koski, 2011).”
Personality in Non‐human Animals (2008, background): “However, recent direct comparisons of the two methods suggest that ratings are superior to behavior codings for capturing personality traits because rating methods are more reliable, are not as subjective as is widely assumed, and are generally much more practical (Vazire et al., 2007).”