Economic and environmental comparison of conventional, hybrid, electric and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles

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Critical review of automotive hot-stamped sheet steel from an industrial perspective (2018, background): “Moreover, alternative fuels and powertrains have been developed, including liquid petroleum gas, electric, petrol–electric hybrid, kinetic and heat energy recovery and hydrogen [2].”
Fuel cell high-power applications (2009, neutral): “MARCH 2009 ■ IEEE INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS MAGAZINE 37 50–100 kW for urban cars ■ [9], [33], [79]–[85] 100–200 kW for buses and light ■”
The intention to adopt electric vehicles: Driven by functional and non-functional values (2017, background): “Comparedwith conventional vehicles, EVs have advantages in improving fuel efficiency and reducing carbon emissions (Granovskii et al., 2006; Romm, 2006; Lieven et al., 2011).”
Fuel cell vehicles: State of the art with economic and environmental concerns (2011, background): “efficiency of a gas turbine on the order of 50e60% may also make the electric car advantageous [15].”
Targeting plug-in hybrid electric vehicle policies to increase social benefits (2010, background): “…of PHEVs and other modes of electric transportation are significant (Bandivadekar et al., 2008; Bradley and Frank, 2009; EPRI and NRDC, 2007a; Granovskii et al., 2006; Hackney and de Neufville, 2001; Kromer and Heywood, 2008; Lindly and Haskew, 2002; Parks et al., 2007; Romm, 2006; Samaras…”